The Schaus’ swallowtail butterfly was one of the first insects to be listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1976, and their population hit an all-time low on Elliott Key, Florida, with an estimated 56 individuals in 2007, two years after Hurricane Wilma. Historically, Schaus’ swallowtails lived throughout the Florida Keys and parts of the mainland. But habitat loss and urban development have forced them to live only on protected land on Elliott Key and Key Largo.

A study by scientists from the Florida Museum of Natural History examined 35 years of data on the butterfly and found that they unexpectedly benefit from hurricanes. The swallowtails rely on torchwood and wild lime plants for food and to lay their eggs. These plants live in the understory of the forest where there is little filtered light. However, when the branches and leaves on taller trees are temporarily knocked out after a hurricane, torchwood and wild lime experience a rapid growth of fresh leaves. The tender shoots and leaves mean more butterflies. The most recent estimate of the Schaus’ swallowtail butterfly population on Elliott Key is 4,400 individuals.