Travelers are exposed to potentially harmful bacteria, fungus and mold in airports, planes, hotel rooms and public restrooms. According to a study by Insure & Go Insurance Services Limited, a British travel insurance company, luggage may be the dirtiest item a traveler encounters during a trip. The company teamed up with a microbiologist to examine a sample of hard- and soft-shell suitcases at an airport train station. Swabs were taken from various surfaces of the suitcases and incubated for five days.

The study found that the suitcase wheels were the most contaminated with bad bacteria, including staph and E.coli, followed by the base and handle. The handle was found to carry 40 times more bacteria than a typical public toilet seat.

The study also identified the presence of black mold linked to musty odors, respiratory irritation and allergy triggers. Soft-shell luggage had higher fungal growth compared to hard-shelled luggage. To reduce exposure to harmful microbes on luggage, the study’s microbiologist recommended that travelers keep it off beds and tables, clean the wheels and base after each trip, cover the wheels when indoors, wash hands after handling luggage and be mindful about where the luggage is wheeled.