A study published in the Natural Medicine Journal compared three different treatment modalities for managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a low-FODMAP diet (restricting the consumption of specific carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestines) combined with traditional dietary guidance for IBS (LFTD group); a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat and fiber-optimized diet (low-carb group); and pharmacological intervention targeting IBS symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea (drug group).

The study enrolled 294 adults with moderate-to-severe IBS that were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment options for a four-week period. Those in the diet groups received nutritional counseling and support to adhere to their assigned diet. The participants’ IBS symptoms were assessed before, during and after the four-week intervention period.

At the end of the intervention period, all three groups reported improvements; however, the LFTD and low-carb groups exhibited more significant reductions in IBS symptom severity from the baseline compared to the drug group. These findings suggest that dietary modifications should be a primary treatment approach for IBS patients, with the low-carb diet being preferable for patients experiencing constipation and for patients that find the low-FODMAP diet difficult to follow.