Creatine is a compound made by the body that is found in the muscles and brain. People may take it in supplement form to help build muscle and lower injury risk. A small, controlled study published in the journal Scientific Reports evaluated the use of creatine to clear the mental fog that may result from a bad night’s sleep. Fifteen healthy young adults stayed overnight in a laboratory for two nights, five days apart, during which they were kept awake all night.

One night, they received a single dose of creatine, and the other, they were given a placebo. Cognitive tests were conducted before they took the creatine or placebo, and at three other times during the night. The researchers found that a single, high dose of creatine partially reversed some of the cognitive impacts of sleep deprivation. Further research is needed to determine appropriate doses for maximum effect.